Abstract. In the framework of this work, our attention focuses on explaining how economic progress in Africa is not transformed into a development. Economic growth in Africa has been accompanied by growing inequalities of all kinds, while much of the population continues to live in landlocked areas and condemned to marginalization and excluding. Particularly, this work deals verify the relationship between inclusive growth, inequality, poverty and human development in Africa. We can remind that the combined policymaker’s efforts have achieved significant progress in terms of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly in the fields of education, health and combating against poverty.

Firstly, we put forward the triangular relationship between inequality, poverty and growth. Secondly we estimate a structural model showing a negative relationship between inequality and economic growth for 33 African countries for the period 1986-2010.

Keywords: Africa, Inclusive Growth, Inequality, Poverty.